Three oceans line Canada’s borders: the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Arctic Ocean to the north.
Canada is a country of 10 million square kilometres. It includes many different geographical areas and five distinct regions:
The national capital of Canada is Ottawa, Ontario. This is where the federal government and the Parliament buildings are located.
Canada has 10 provinces and three territories. Each province and territory has its own capital city. You should know the capital of Canada as well as the capital of your province or territory.
Canada has a fairly small population. About 31 million people live here. Most Canadians live in the southern parts of Canada.
| Region | Province/Territory | Capital |
| Atlantic Region | Newfoundland and Labrador | St. John’s |
| Prince Edward Island | Charlottetown | |
| Nova Scotia | Halifax | |
| New Brunswick | Fredericton | |
| Central Canada | Quebec | Québec |
| Ontario | Toronto | |
| Prairie Provinces | Manitoba | Winnipeg |
| Saskatchewan | Regina | |
| Alberta | Edmonton | |
| West Coast | British Columbia | Victoria |
| North | Nunavut | Iqaluit |
| Northwest Territories | Yellowknife | |
| Yukon Territory | Whitehorse |
This material is based on the official copyright publication "A Look At Canada" produced by the Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2006. It is reproduced here for the purposes of educating applicants for Canadian Citizenship.